The USB HID protocol provides manufactures the generic specifications to interact with nearly every operating system in existence. In this demonstration, we will flash generic USB HID keyboard firmware. This is made possible in part to the wonderful open source LUFA (Lightweight USB Framework for AVRs) USB stack, and keyboard HID firmware from Darran. This allows the device to be recognized as many other device types, including keyboard, mouse, joystick, midi device, etc. However, in addition to the ability to flash standard USB Serial firmwares, we can also flash alternative firmwares as well. Note: If your board is NOT an Arduino UNO SMD you’ll need to solder a 10k resistor (Brown-black-orange) at the back of your board as shown on the Arduino site. This process is normally used to update the firmware to a more recent version, as explained in the offical Arduino guide, Updating the Atmega8U2 on an Uno or Mega2560 using DFU. This is completely independant of the ‘normal’ method of flashing sketches to the board using the Arduino IDE. The Atmega8U2 chip on the Arduino UNO can be programmed directly using the special USB protocol called Device Firmware Update (DFU). All this is made possible by the use of the Arduino Device Firmware Update (DFU) function. The USB HID keyboard conforms to the standard USB specification, so is functional on all modern operating systems. Make it a useful tool, with new buttons for Cut/Copy/Paste or Volume+/Volume-/Mute, or annoy your friends and colleagues by setting the keyboard to perform random keypress after random delays! Replace TARGET_DEVICE_PLATFORM with the target board platform (for me it's atmega32u4), PATH_TO_THE_BOOTLOADER to the downloaded bootloader file and PROGRAMMER_COM_PORT to a com port which we used in Arduino IDE cd AppData\Local\QMK\QMK Toolbox\0.0.9\Īvrdude.exe -p atmega32u4 -c stk500v1 -b 19200 -U flash:w:"C:\Users\gamel\Downloads\bootloader_atmega32u4_1_0_0.hex":i -P COM12 -U efuse:w:0xC3:m -U hfuse:w:0xD9:m -U lock:w:0x3F:mĪlso, note the part "-U efuse:w:0xC3:m -U hfuse:w:0xD9:m -U lock:w:0x3F:m", this is fuses setting, it's made for both 3v and 5v version of ATmega32u4, so Pro Micro, if your keyboard doesn't use ATmega32u4, please DON'T USE THIS, instead please tag me on QMK discord, I will help you to make fuses which will suit to your MCU.Turn your Arduino UNO into a USB HID keyboard, and make buttons that do whatever you want. Now open command prompt (press Windows + R, write cmd and press Enter) and paste inside this: cd AppData\Local\QMK\QMK Toolbox\0.0.9\Īvrdude.exe -p TARGET_DEVICE_PLATFORM -c stk500v1 -b 19200 -U flash:w:"PATH_TO_THE_BOOTLOADER":i -P PROGRAMMER_COM_PORT Now, download ATmega32u4 DFU bootloader, click here to download it, and remember the path where file is.
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